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Oil & Gas Glossary: Chemical Terms
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| Alkylation |
Refining process for converting light, gaseous olefins into high-octane gasoline components (reverse of cracking). |
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| Associated Gas |
Natural gas associated with oil accumulations, either dissolved in oil or found as a cap of free gas above oil in reservoir. |
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| Benzene |
An aromatic hydrocarbon present to a minor degree in most crude oils. (Products manufactured from benzene include styrene, phenol, nylon and synthetic detergents.) |
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| Butane (C4H10) |
Either of two saturated hydrocarbons, or alkanes, with chemical formula. In both compounds carbon atoms are joined in an open chain. |
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| Carbon |
Atomic number is 6; element is in group 14 (or IVa) of periodic table. Carbon content of a hydrocarbon determines, to a degree, hydrocarbon's burning characteristics and qualities. |
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| Carbon Dioxide (CO2) |
Colourless, odourless, and slightly acid-tasting gas, sometimes-called carbonic acid gas, molecule of which consists of one atom of carbon joined to two atoms of oxygen. Carbon dioxide in atmosphere tends to prevent escape of outgoing long-wave radiation from Earth to outer space; as more heat is produced and less escapes, temperature of Earth increases. Most important man-made greenhouse gas in UK accounting for 81% of direct global warming potential from national greenhouse emissions in 1990. |
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| Carbon Monoxide (CO) |
Chemical compound of carbon and oxygen. |
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| Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) |
Synthetic chemical that is odourless, non-toxic, non-flammable, and chemically inert. Released into atmosphere, chlorine-containing chemicals rise and are broken down by sunlight, whereupon chlorine reacts with and destroys ozone molecules. |
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| Coal |
During Carboniferous period much of world was covered with vegetation growing in swamps. This vegetation died and became submerged under water. As decomposition took place, vegetable matter lost oxygen and hydrogen atoms, leaving a peat deposit with a high percentage of carbon. As time passed, layers of sand and mud settled from water over some of peat deposits. Pressure of these overlying layers, as well as movements of earth's crust and sometimes volcanic heat, acted to compress and harden deposits, thus producing coal. |
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| Condensate |
Liquid mixture of pentane and higher hydrocarbons. |
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